Introduction
Imagine the scene: late fall, a chill wind whispers through bare trees, and the only splash of vibrant green is a lush brassica food plot. Deer emerge cautiously from the treeline, drawn irresistibly to the nutritious forage. This isn’t just a hunter’s dream; it’s a reality achievable with brassicas. But what exactly are brassicas? Simply put, they are members of the mustard family – a diverse group of plants known for their rapid growth, cold tolerance, and exceptional ability to attract wildlife, particularly deer. From turnips and radishes to kale and rape, these plants offer a palatable and highly nutritious food source, ensuring deer herds are well-fed as winter approaches.
Brassica food plots have gained immense popularity among landowners and hunters alike, and for good reason. They are relatively easy to establish, highly adaptable to various climates, and deliver unparalleled results in attracting and holding deer on your property. This is due in part to their ability to provide high-quality forage even after repeated frosts. They stay green when many other plants have withered and died. The combination of sugar production and high nutritional value makes them the food source of choice.
Brassica food plots are a highly effective and relatively easy-to-establish option for attracting and nourishing wildlife, particularly deer, throughout the late fall and winter months. This guide will explore the world of brassicas, revealing how to plan, plant, and manage these remarkable plots to create a haven for wildlife on your land.
Understanding Brassica Varieties
The term “brassica” encompasses a wide range of plants, all belonging to the Brassicaceae family. Each variety offers unique benefits and characteristics, making it crucial to select the right one, or the right mix, for your specific goals and environment. Let’s explore some common brassica varieties used in food plots:
Rape/Canola: Known for its rapid growth and excellent early attraction, rape, also sometimes called canola, quickly establishes a lush green carpet that deer readily browse. It’s an excellent choice for areas where quick establishment is crucial. However, it may not be as cold-tolerant as some other varieties.
Turnips: These offer a double whammy of attraction. The deer enjoy the edible leaves, and late in the season after a few frosts, the deer will also dig up and eat the bulbous roots. Turnips are exceptional for late-season attraction and can provide a substantial food source throughout the winter.
Radishes (Daikon/Tillage): More than just a food source, daikon radishes serve as natural soil aerators, thanks to their long taproots that break up compacted soil. These taproots decompose over the winter, creating channels for water and air, improving soil structure and overall health. Deer also readily consume the radish tops and, to a lesser extent, the roots.
Kale: The tough leaves and sturdy nature of Kale makes it a very cold hardy plant. Kale is exceptionally winter hardy, often remaining green and palatable long after other brassicas have succumbed to the cold. This makes it an invaluable late-season food source, ensuring a continued draw for deer even in harsh conditions.
Clover Blends: Some food plot companies provide blends of brassicas and clovers to create a complete forage blend. The clovers serve as a nitrogen-fixing cover crop that benefits the soil even after the brassicas have been consumed.
Hybrids and Blends: The market is full of proprietary hybrid and blend of brassicas tailored to specific environments and conditions. Brands like “Dwarf Essex Rape” and “Winter Greens” offer specially formulated seed mixtures with improved features, like cold-hardiness, pest resistance, and digestibility. These commercial blends are often an excellent option for those seeking optimal performance and convenience.
Each brassica variety boasts distinctive characteristics. Leaf shapes and colors vary significantly, from the broad, waxy leaves of turnips to the finely textured leaves of kale. Root development ranges from the bulbous roots of turnips to the long taproots of radishes. Understanding these differences allows you to select the right brassica, or a blend of them, to match your specific goals and environmental conditions.
Planning Your Brassica Haven
Success with brassica food plots hinges on careful planning, and that planning all starts with the location. Brassicas thrive in areas receiving ample sunlight. Aim for a location with at least six hours of direct sunlight per day. This ensures robust growth and optimal palatability. Pay close attention to soil type and drainage. Well-drained soil is essential for brassica growth. Avoid areas prone to waterlogging, as this can lead to root rot and other problems. If drainage is an issue, consider amending the soil with organic matter to improve its structure. Consider the proximity to cover, where the deer feel most comfortable. Locating food plots near woods, thickets, or other forms of natural cover will encourage deer to use them more frequently. It provides a sense of security, allowing them to feed without feeling overly exposed. A water source nearby will also attract more deer.
Plot size and shape also play a critical role in its success. Consider the size of the local deer herd and the amount of hunting pressure. Larger herds and areas with high hunting pressure require larger plots to ensure sufficient forage. A general rule of thumb is to plant at least one acre per ten deer. The shape of the plot can also influence deer behavior and hunting opportunities. Irregularly shaped plots with narrow corridors can create natural funnels, directing deer towards specific areas, and can accommodate hunting stand placement.
Timing is everything. Most brassicas are planted in late summer or early fall, typically six to eight weeks before the first expected frost. This allows them to establish a strong root system and produce ample foliage before the onset of winter. Planting times can vary considerably depending on your region. Consult your local agricultural extension office for specific recommendations.
Preparing the Soil for Success
Soil preparation is the cornerstone of a thriving brassica food plot. The first step is always a soil test. This analysis determines the soil’s pH level and nutrient content. The proper pH is crucial for nutrient availability. Brassicas thrive in slightly acidic to neutral soil with a pH of around six to seven. If the soil is too acidic, lime is required to raise the pH. Apply lime several months before planting to allow it to fully incorporate into the soil.
Fertilization is the next piece of the puzzle. Brassicas are heavy feeders, requiring ample nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium (NPK) for optimal growth. Soil test results will indicate the specific nutrient deficiencies. Based on these results, apply a balanced fertilizer blend before planting. Incorporate the fertilizer into the soil during tillage.
Tillage methods are a key component of soil preparation. Plowing or disking are traditional methods for breaking up the soil and incorporating amendments. No-till drilling offers a more sustainable approach, minimizing soil disturbance and promoting moisture retention. It involves using a specialized drill to plant seeds directly into the soil, without prior tillage. Minimum-till options can also be considered.
Weed control is also critical to establishment. A variety of selective herbicides safe for brassicas are available on the market to control weeds. Some are pre-emergent and can be applied before planting to prevent weed germination. Others are post-emergent and can be used to control weeds after they emerge. Tilling can also be used to control weeds before planting.
Planting Your Brassica Crop
Choosing the right seed is essential for a successful brassica food plot. Select a variety, or a blend of varieties, best suited for your region and the specific goals of your food plot. Purchase seeds from reputable suppliers to ensure quality and germination rates. Don’t skimp on this step.
Seeding rate is also important. While it might seem tempting to overseed for a denser stand, this can actually hinder growth. Overcrowding can lead to competition for resources and reduced yields. Follow the recommended seeding rates for each variety, typically two to five pounds per acre.
Broadcasting involves scattering seeds across the soil surface. This method works well on prepared seedbeds. Drilling allows for more precise seed placement, ensuring consistent depth and spacing. This method is particularly effective in no-till situations. In either event, cultipacking is critical. After planting, use a cultipacker or roller to ensure good seed-to-soil contact. This helps retain moisture and promotes germination.
After planting, monitor the plot for signs of pests and diseases. Take action if any problems arise. Supplemental watering can promote germination and establishment, especially during dry periods.
Managing and Maintaining Your Plot
Weed control requires ongoing vigilance. Spot spraying with herbicides can effectively target problem weeds. Hand-weeding is also an option for smaller plots.
Fertilization, in the form of top-dressing, is also often recommended. Monitor the health of the plants and, if necessary, apply a light application of fertilizer to boost growth. It is important to monitor for pests and diseases. Identify any common pests and diseases affecting brassicas, such as aphids, slugs, and downy mildew. Implement appropriate control measures, considering both organic and chemical options.
Common Problems and Solutions
Poor germination can be caused by a variety of factors. Some of the more common include dry conditions, poor seed-to-soil contact, and improper planting depth. Address these factors to improve germination rates.
Slow growth may indicate nutrient deficiencies or soil problems. Perform another soil test to identify any underlying issues and adjust fertilization accordingly. Correct soil imbalances and improve drainage.
In the event of a pest infestation, accurately identify the pest and choose the most appropriate control method, considering both organic and chemical options. Disease outbreaks can be prevented by selecting disease-resistant varieties and providing good air circulation.
Overgrazing can be an issue in areas with high deer densities. Consider fencing off a portion of the plot to allow the brassicas to recover. Rotational grazing can also help to manage grazing pressure.
Conclusion: The Sweet Success of Brassicas
Brassica food plots offer a powerful and rewarding way to attract and nourish wildlife, particularly deer. The high palatability, cold tolerance, and nutritional value of brassicas make them an invaluable asset to any wildlife management program. By understanding the different varieties, carefully planning your plot, and diligently managing and maintaining it, you can create a thriving haven for wildlife on your land.
Take the plunge and unleash the power of brassica food plots. With a little effort, you can transform your property into a wildlife paradise. Contact your local agricultural extension office for region specific help.
